Winter Damage and Roof Inspections

Snow and ice can do a number on roofs over a long and cold winter, especially if there is no process in place for inspections and maintenance. You can minimize the risk of snow loading and roof collapses by planning, preparing, and taking prompt action to remove accumulated snow. This article will set out to highlight the main ways to focus on monitoring and preventing roof damage throughout the winter.

What to Look For

Visible damage and debris – The first step to inspecting a roof is looking for obvious signs of damage, including visible structural deformations, dirt and debris, standing water, and blocked or broken gutters and downspouts. Any obvious damage should be repaired shortly after discovering it.

Exterior structural components – All external structural components of the roof, including chimneys, vents, fascia, drip edges, and decking should be inspected for damage, missing components, rust, and rot. Leaks tend to form around chimneys, vents, and skylights; if they're not noticed in a timely manner, damage can occur to the underlayment, sheathing, and joists, leading to potentially expensive repair and replacement costs.

Interior roofing components – When roofs are not inspected regularly, interior structural damage can occur. Often, due to a lack of regular maintenance, interior damage is the first to be noticed. On sloped roofs, the location of the damage may not directly point to the location of the leak. Water follows the path of least resistance, which means the source of the leak is often not above the visible damage. If a leak has been left to linger, rafter and roof trusses should be checked for evidence of mold, mildew and rot, which could indicate extensive structural damage.

At a minimum, a comprehensive maintenance program for roofing systems should include these basic steps:

• Keep roofs clean and free of debris.
• Remove snow to prevent a buildup of snow and ice in particular spots on the roof.
• Keep drainage systems clear and functional.
• Train maintenance personnel on the requirements of working with the roof system.
• Restrict roof access to authorized personnel.
• Limit penetration of the roof system.
• Use professional roofing contractors who stand behind their work.

When to Look

While a spring inspection would reveal potential damage that might have occurred from severe winter weather, a fall inspection would reveal any preventative action required before winter arrives. An inspection should be conducted after any major storm or construction activity that might cause damage to the roof, including any recent heavy snowfalls. Always take extra precautions and have someone with you when inspecting roofs in the winter.

During a winter storm, it can be dangerous to be on the roofs. It is best to be prepared to act after a snowfall.

• Do not allow unauthorized workers/persons on to roofs. All workers should be properly trained on snow removal and equipment use.
• Remove the snow systematically to maintain the balance of the structure. Use shovels and wheelbarrows. If using a snowblower, ensure that the auger is set to the highest level to prevent damage to the roof.
• Do not create snow drifts by moving snow from one area on another.
• Verify all drains are clear of ice and snow to allow melting and runoff. If the roof is pitched and without drains, open paths to the eaves to ensure drainage and prevent ponding.
• Inspect for any other roof damage and make necessary repairs when it is safe to do so.

Safeguards When Doing Inspections

The following safeguards will assist with prevention of roof collapses:

• Have a fall prevention plan that is compliant with local agency requirements before engaging in roof preparation activities.
• Keep workers trained and the proper equipment available for snow removal, as well as proper PPE for the elements.

• Continuously monitor winter storms and remove snow off roofs as soon as possible after each snowfall.
• Keep all drains clear and unblock debris (leaves, dirt, etc.) year-round. The downspouts should also be clear.
• Keep an updated winter emergency response plan in effect, especially for snow removal.
• Confirm generators are in good condition and their fuel tanks are full.
• Ensure fire hydrants and fire protection system control valves are visibly marked to avoid damage from snow removal equipment.

Roofing maintenance and inspection is a process that needs attention year-round, and preventative maintenance is something that goes a long way in making life easier for maintaining these roofs over a long period of time. Sticking with a diligent schedule and checking up on roofs after severe storms are fundamental for a comprehensive roof maintenance program. Combining these elements of preparation, planning and inspecting will make for great roofing care and less costs on repairs or replacement projects in the long-term.